On September 11, 1851, a small agricultural network in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, fought in what many see as the first Civil War War. These neighbors joined in opposition to slavery in the Christian Resistance, a confrontation that ended with the arrest of 141 abolitionists. , in black and white, and led to the largest treason trial in American history. Resistance led through William and Eliza Parker, a married couple who had controlled to free themselves from slavery and dedicate their lives to building a network that may be offering that same freedom to others.
William and Eliza Parker had escaped slavery and built a new life in Christiana among the quaker population of the city, largely anti-slavery. An abolitionist neighbor described William as “bold as a lion, the kindest man and the most faithful of friends. “However, due to Christiana’s location near the Maryland border, the domain plagiarized other people who made money by kidnapping freedom seekers and legally release other people of color to sell them south. The Parkers formed an abolitionist surveillance committee; its members shared data on kidnappings in the domain and helped enslaved people escape to Canada via the Underground Railroad.
When he learned that Edward Gorsuch of Maryland had arrived in Christiana with armed civilians, an assistant US marshal was in the middle of the world. But it’s not the first time And a court order for the seizure of Gorsuch’s “property,” four Christian men who had escaped Gorsuch’s slavery came here to ask the Parkers for help. Eliza and William secured them in the house as the surveillance committee met and ran the word to prepare to protect Parker Farm.
Shortly before, on September 11, 1851, Gorsuch’s organization arrived in Parker’s space. They met William’s statement that they would fight to the death before surrendering. When Gorsuch tried to enter space, Eliza expelled him by throwing a peach spear at him. Then he approached the window and touched a horn to alert his neighbors to such problems. Gorsuch’s organization opened the chimney to avoid it, but she kept the alarm, encouraging everyone in space to oppose a take-in, at all cost. One of the men in Parker’s space advised him to surrender, William replied, “Don’t think a living man can take you. “
Neighbors arrived quickly, many armed to protect themselves. The idea of Gorsuch’s party, the white neighbors had come to help them and were surprised to notice their mistake. William Parker and others tried to convince Gorsuch and his men to leave without violence, but insisted on having “their property. “Both sides opened fire. Before long, Gorsuch’s group was wounded on the ground or fled with empty weapons. One of the men Gorsuch had tried to recover hit him with a gun until he collapsed. As for Gorsuch’s death, according to William’s memoirs, “Women have put an end to him. “
The white neighbors who had arrived at the site have now begged their black neighbors to flee, although their cause was just, a white guy had died surrounded by armed black men, they knew the chances of justice were appalling, yet the Parkers refused to Canada until they made sure a doctor arrived to treat their wounded opponents.
Martial law was declared in Christiana,Almost 150 people, black and white, were arrested. President Millard Fillmore soon won a telegram from Maryland Gov. Louis Lowe, who threatened to part with his state of the Union if the federal government did not ask of the 141 men arrested, 39 were brought to justice for treason through the federal government. Prosecutors claimed that, on the basis of the Fugitive Slaves Act of 1850, anyone who helped and encouraged the slaves to flee their slaves conspired to defy federal law and dissolve the Union.
The initial trial for Castner Hanway, the first white neighbor to respond to Eliza’s alarm. The prosecution considered his case to be the opposite of Hanway’s to be the most powerful of the 1930s, by popular opinion at the time that only a white man could have done so. organized an insurrection of this magnitude. If they could convict Hanway, they’d check the rest.
The variety of the jury was confused by the fact that almost all calls to be excused from their duties due to physical or auditory fitness problems; a trial in commented to a potential juror: “Your illness has an epidemic today. “On the witness stand, the deputy U. S. marshal who had complied with Gorsuch’s arrest warrant was stuck in so many lies that they then tried for perjury. And by challenging the treason rate, which, according to the United States Constitution, comes to war. about the country – the defense attorney opted for some sarcasm: “Armed with corn cutters, clubs and some pistols, and driven by a miller, in felt hat, without coat, without arms fixed on a drone with oliveArray [the accused] went to war with the United States,” he said. Bless God because our union survived the impact.
At the close of the process, the jury needed only 15 minutes to find Hanway as “not guilty. ” The federal prosecutor’s workplace had lost what it considered its strongest argument. By the time Hanway and his associates were sent back to Lancaster to face state assassination fees, local politicians had learned that the voting public sympathized with the resistance and that a trial would destroy their chances of reelection. All 39 were released on December 31, 1851.
Frederick Douglass described the effect of “this case on Christiana” as having “inflicted fatal wounds on the bill of runaway slaves . . . because slave owners discovered that not only had they failed to put them in the property of their slaves, yet, in an attempt to enforce them, they brought hatred over themselves. In 10 years, the country would be at war with this law and all the legislation that called other people property. From his new home in Buxton, Canada, William Parker wrote his memoirs, sharing his hope that “prejudice will temporarily uproot. Array. . In a short time, I hope that the evil spirit will disappear completely. “
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For weeks, recorded invitations had been circulating in New York and Atlanta. In gold letters, the cards indicated that a guy named “Fireball” was throwing a birthday party for “Tobe” at 2819 Handy Drive in the Collier Heights segment of Atlanta’s West End. The festivities were scheduled to begin in the early morning of October 27, 1970, without delay after the historic return of boxer Muhammad Ali, who in Atlanta will face Jerry Quarry after a three-year absence from the ring.
The invitations covered any of the cities because organizers knew that Ali’s return would attract enthusiasts from New York and elsewhere would also attract fraudsters, pimps, drug dealers and other men and women with other means of making a living. expensive cash and jewellery.
Even if boxing enthusiasts were used to seeing flights in the ring and on the judges’ markers, this time it would be different, as while celebrating Ali’s victory, they would be the victims of one of the most brazen armed robberies the city of Atlanta has ever had. Known.
Atlanta was not a traditional selection to serve as a place for Ali’s return. From 1967 to 1970, the boxer formerly known as Cassius Clay had fought the federal government after pointing himself out a conscientious objector and refusing to devote the Vietnam War to military service. He was sentenced to five years in prison for recruitment fraud.
After being released on bail, Ali appealed his sentence, but the stigma persisted: the boxer stripped himself of his heavyweight championship and blacklisted the sport, and the states refused to grant him a license to compete for the 28-year-old. Racial tensions remained high, it seemed unthinkable for an official to approve Ali’s return to the ring.
Robert Kassel devised another way. The New York-based lawyer had helped announce a fight opposed to Joe Frazier and knew Ali’s return would be a lucrative event, so he asked his father-in-law, Atlanta businessman Harry Pett, to call Georgia State Senator Leroy Johnson. Pett and Johnson were friends; Johnson, one of the few black elected officials in the state, felt Ali’s remedy was unfair and agreed to see what he could do.
Johnson discovered that Georgia did not have legislation governing the game of boxing, leaving permission to celebrate occasions for local municipalities. Johnson contacted Atlanta Mayor Sam Massell, who allowed the fight to continue, on the condition that Kassel donate $50,000 of the proceeds to a local detox program.
Ali’s return is scheduled for October 26, 1970 as opposed to Jerry Quarry, who had recently eliminated major heavyweight competitor Mac Foster. This weekend, locals and tourists visited the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Atlanta, as well as the 5,000-seat Civic Auditorium. and paid up to $100 for a seat on the edge of the ring. (Fans in other cities can simply watch combat on a CCTV). Celebrities like Diana Ross have been seen at the Hyatt. Like visitors who wore elaborate costumes and extravagant jewelry. Other recorded invitations were distributed for the Fireball Festival, which would begin without delay after the match.
Shaking years of rust, Ali declared the winner by technical knockout in the third round, when a cut forced Quarry coach Teddy Bentham to cancel the fight.
As Ali celebrated his victory at the Hyatt, surrounded by friends and celebrities, cars filled with not-so-famous events began to gather at 2819 Handy Drive. As they entered through the front door, they hoped to find a booming party. , were greeted through men dressed in balaclavas brandishing cropped shotguns.
One by one, revelers were taken to the basement and ordered to throw their cash and jewelry into a pile. Then they were told to take off their underwear and lie on the floor. As more and more people appeared, according to some estimates up to two hundred visitors, the stack of valuables grew. The sick were forced to pile on the most sensitive to each other. The robbery, slow and deliberate, lasted for hours; thieves filled the goods in yellow and white pillowcases.
Finally, around 3 a. m. , the gunmen crawled away to two hostages with them, three hours later they were dropped off on the other side of town and given $10 for the taxi, called the police and an investigation was soon launched. a robbery in which most of those affected were the criminals themselves would not be easy.
Authorities have subjected the owner, a criminal named Gordon “Chicken Man” Williams, to harsh trials. (He earned the nickname by buying bird sandwiches, which he then distributed to women in the hope of seducing them. )In the case, a detective lieutenant named JDHudson knew Williams was relatively clean. Hudson had been assigned to serve as Ali’s bodyguard during the match and had seen Williams, whom he had known for decades, at the same time as Williams’ girlfriend Barbara Smith said he was helping prepare for the party when armed men broke up. In. Williams had only given permission to an associate criminal known as Fireball to use space for a party.
The clues were scarce and the witnesses’ accounts were difficult to obtain. Most of the victims of the robbery were afraid to talk to the police and arrived from outside the city. Only five have filed formal complaints. Most left Atlanta without even giving the government their personal information. The only genuine recommendation came from an un nameless phone call from someone who said the robbery had been arranged to pay for a drug deal that had gone wrong in New York this year.
The first genuine rupture took place two days later, when a shotgun and a yellow and white pillowcase were discovered near space in a leather bag. The gun was attributed to a guy named Jimmy “Houston” Hammonds, who said he had bought it by two friends: James Jackson and James Ebo. Both men had several pseudonyms and both were known to be involved in criminal activities. Hudson went to Jackson’s apartment, but there was no one home. However, he was lucky: Jackson’s bed had yellow and white sheets.
A month later, a Fulton County grand jury accused Hammonds, Jackson and Ebo, who was named under his alias James Henry Hall, of six counts of armed robbery each. Hammonds was already in custody, but there was no sign of the other two men. Hudson’s idea that one of the two things would happen: either the police would place them or their victims would, especially now that they had been named in the papers. If the victims found out, there would be no trial.
Hudson was right. On May 8, 1971, Jackson and Ebo were spotd shot dead inside a Cadillac parked in the Bronx. A third man, Donald Phillips, also died. The robbery didn’t seem likely, as the guns and $700 in money stayed on site. New York City detectives may not sense the reason until Jackson and Ebo were known as suspects on Hudson’s flight in Atlanta, which flew to New York to consult authorities. “We said last fall that it was just a matter of who supported them first: the police or the victims,” Hudson told the New York Times. “Turns out the victims came first. “
Although a total of five to eight armed men were reported through the victims, no one else was arrested. A third crime-related individual, “Bookie” Brown, was also discovered dead. Hudson assumed that street justice had come for others.
By mistake, Gordon “Chicken Man” Williams allegedly killed for his assumed role in the robbery. Local newspapers even reported that Williams was killed just two days after the party when he was actually alive and healthy. Williams had cooperated with the police and then informed some New York Affiliates that he had not cared at all. Her friend had even been one of the hostages taken when the thieves fled. Williams was eventually expelled from the pharmaceutical industry and became a minister.
Ali about his plan to be convicted of evasion being overturned by the Supreme Court in 1971 and his heavyweight name restored in a match opposed to George Foreman in 1974. For the fight of the race, he paid $250,000 against 42. 5% of the thieves escaped with about $1 million.